A threat to human health “cancer” and Reasons behind cancer

Cancer

Cancer is a disease. In this disease, abnormal cells divide and expand without control. Scientists say that cause of cancer is uncontrolled growth of cells and damages of the genes. These abnormal cells are known as cancer cells or tumour cells.

Generally, cancers can become a cause of serious illness and death. Many cancers are identified by the name of the tissue. Tissue means which tissue in which that abnormal cells originated from (for example, breast cancer, lung cancer,).

Cancer Cause

Cancer cells developed due to DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) damage.In a normal body cell, when DNA gets damaged the cell repairs it itself. If the cell could not repair the damage than the cell dies.

But in cancer cells, the damaged DNA is unrepaired, and the cell doesn’t die and the cell goes on producing new cells that the body doesn’t need.

All these new cells have the same DNA which is abnormal. Cancer is almost incurable due to its complexity and because it spreads uncontrollably and fastly.
Here is a question, which is unanswered that how genes control the growth rate of the cell and why it damages?

Types of cancers

There are many types of cancers:
 Cancer that begins in the skin or in tissues that cover internal organs.
 Cancer that begins in the bone, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other supportive tissue.
 Cancer that starts in blood-forming tissue such as the bone marrow and causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells to be produced.
 Cancers that begin in the cells of the immune system
 Cancers that begin in the tissues of the brain and spinal cord.

Symptoms
What are the physical symptoms of cancer?

There are many Symptoms of cancer. Symptoms of cancer depend on the location of cancer inside the body, where it is growing, and the size of the tumour of cancer.

A few cancers can be seen through the skin or upper layer of the body – a lump on the breast or testicle can be an indicator of cancer.

Skin cancer (melanoma) is often noted by a change in a mole on the skin. Oral cancers or cancer of mouth present white patches inside the mouth or white spots on the tongue. Other cancers have less physically apparent symptoms.

Cancer in the brain in the form of a tumour can be identified due to its effect on cognitive functions. Pancreas cancers are usually undetectable in the early stage.

Pancreas cancers cause pain by pushing against nearby nerves or interfere with the liver function to cause jaundice. Symptoms can also create as a tumour grows and pushes against organs and blood vessels.

For example, colon cancers lead to symptoms such as constipation, diarrhea, and changes in stool size. Prostate cancers cause changes in bladder function means more frequent urination.

Because cancer cells use the body’s energy and interfere with normal hormone function, it is possible to generate symptoms such as fever, fatigue, excessive sweating, anemia, and unexplained weight loss.

For example, coughing can point to lung or throat cancer as well as several other conditions. When cancer spreads, additional symptoms can generate in the newly affected area.

For full article please read scienceteen magazine Nov-Dec 2016 issue. Click @ link.

To be continued…..